ΣΤ’ Δημοτικού – Unit 9

Earth Day everyday

Environmental problems, endangered animals and action for the planet. Practise Past Perfect Simple, clauses of reason and clauses of result.

LessonsVocabularyGrammarProject

Unit map

Theme: environment, endangered species and pollution.

Grammar: Past Perfect, reason/result clauses.

Project: act out The Awful Five.

Lessons

Τα 3 lessons του Unit 9

Lesson 1 — An Earth Day Story

Read an Earth Day story and talk about actions that happened in the past.

Lesson 2 — Save the Endangered Species

Talk about endangered animals, habitats and environmental problems.

Lesson 3 — The Awful Five

Read and act out a play about pollution and protecting the planet.

Vocabulary flip cards

24 λέξεις – πάτησε την κάρτα

Πατάς την κάρτα, βλέπεις Ελληνικά / Αγγλικά και λες μία πρόταση.

#1Earth DayTap to check#1Ημέρα της ΓηςEarth Day is every day.
#2environmentTap to check#2περιβάλλονProtect the environment.
#3pollutionTap to check#3ρύπανσηPollution harms animals.
#4litterTap to check#4σκουπίδιαDon’t leave litter on the beach.
#5recycleTap to check#5ανακυκλώνωWe should recycle paper.
#6endangered speciesTap to check#6είδος υπό εξαφάνισηCaretta-caretta is endangered.
#7habitatTap to check#7βιότοποςTourists disturb animal habitats.
#8extinctTap to check#8εξαφανισμένοςSome animals become extinct.
#9MediterraneanTap to check#9ΜεσόγειοςIt lives in the Mediterranean.
#10lay eggsTap to check#10γεννώ αυγάTurtles lay eggs in the sand.
#11tourismTap to check#11τουρισμόςTourism can disturb habitats.
#12rainforestTap to check#12τροπικό δάσοςRainforests need protection.
#13huntingTap to check#13κυνήγιHunting can harm animals.
#14polluted seaTap to check#14μολυσμένη θάλασσαMany animals cannot live in polluted seas.
#15protectTap to check#15προστατεύωWe must protect nature.
#16save the planetTap to check#16σώζω τον πλανήτηWhat can we do to save the planet?
#17Past PerfectTap to check#17ΥπερσυντέλικοςI had cleaned the beach before I left.
#18becauseTap to check#18επειδήAnimals suffer because habitats are destroyed.
#19soTap to check#19έτσι / οπότεThe sea was polluted, so fish died.
#20as a resultTap to check#20ως αποτέλεσμαAs a result, animals lose their homes.
#21reasonTap to check#21λόγοςGive a reason.
#22resultTap to check#22αποτέλεσμαExplain the result.
#23playTap to check#23θεατρικό έργοAct out The Awful Five.
#24improviseTap to check#24αυτοσχεδιάζωImprovise a scene.

Vocabulary

Λεξιλόγιο Αγγλικά – Ελληνικά

Words and phrases about the environment, pollution, endangered animals, habitats and environmental action.

Environment

environmentπεριβάλλον
Earth DayΗμέρα της Γης
planetπλανήτης
natureφύση
protectπροστατεύω
saveσώζω
recycleανακυκλώνω
reuseεπαναχρησιμοποιώ
reduceμειώνω
plant treesφυτεύω δέντρα
clean upκαθαρίζω
volunteerεθελοντής

Pollution

pollutionρύπανση
polluted seaμολυσμένη θάλασσα
litterσκουπίδια
rubbishαπορρίμματα
plastic bagπλαστική σακούλα
oil spillπετρελαιοκηλίδα
dirty waterβρώμικο νερό
smokeκαπνός
factory wasteβιομηχανικά απόβλητα
chemicalχημικό
harmβλάπτω
damageκαταστρέφω

Endangered animals

endangered speciesείδος υπό εξαφάνιση
extinctεξαφανισμένος
habitatβιότοπος
Mediterranean sealμεσογειακή φώκια
sea turtleθαλάσσια χελώνα
Caretta-carettaκαρέτα-καρέτα
dolphinδελφίνι
brown bearκαφέ αρκούδα
wolfλύκος
eagleαετός
lay eggsγεννώ αυγά
nestφωλιά

Habitats

forestδάσος
rainforestτροπικό δάσος
mountainsβουνά
riverποτάμι
lakeλίμνη
seaθάλασσα
beachπαραλία
groundέδαφος
sandάμμος
caveσπηλιά
wetlandυγρότοπος
coastακτή

Human actions

tourismτουρισμός
disturbενοχλώ / διαταράσσω
go huntingπηγαίνω για κυνήγι
cut down treesκόβω δέντρα
build hotelsχτίζω ξενοδοχεία
throw rubbishπετάω σκουπίδια
drive everywhereπηγαίνω παντού με αυτοκίνητο
waste waterσπαταλώ νερό
use plasticχρησιμοποιώ πλαστικό
make noiseκάνω θόρυβο
destroy habitatsκαταστρέφω βιότοπους
help animalsβοηθώ ζώα

Reason and result

becauseεπειδή
asκαθώς / επειδή
sinceαφού / επειδή
because ofεξαιτίας
soοπότε / έτσι
thereforeεπομένως
as a resultως αποτέλεσμα
that is whyγι’ αυτό
reasonλόγος
resultαποτέλεσμα
causeαιτία
effectεπίδραση

Past Perfect

had cleanedείχα καθαρίσει
had leftείχα φύγει
had already seenείχα ήδη δει
had never visitedδεν είχα ποτέ επισκεφθεί
beforeπριν
afterαφού / μετά
by the timeμέχρι τη στιγμή που
alreadyήδη
previouslyπροηγουμένως
earlierνωρίτερα
sequenceσειρά γεγονότων
past action before anotherπράξη πριν από άλλη παρελθοντική

The Awful Five / theatre

playθεατρικό έργο
act outπαίζω ρόλο
improviseαυτοσχεδιάζω
characterχαρακτήρας
sceneσκηνή
dialogueδιάλογος
roleρόλος
costumeκοστούμι
pollutantρύπος
factory smokeκαπνός εργοστασίου
plastic monsterτέρας πλαστικού
performanceπαράσταση

Grammar Corner

Grammar

Past Perfect Simple

Εξήγηση: Χρησιμοποιούμε had + past participle για πράξη που έγινε πριν από άλλη πράξη στο παρελθόν.

  • When we arrived, the volunteers had cleaned the beach.
  • The turtle had laid its eggs before the tourists came.
  • I had never visited an environmental centre before.

Past Perfect vs Past Simple

Εξήγηση: Past Perfect για την πιο παλιά πράξη. Past Simple για την επόμενη πράξη.

  • The animals had lost their habitat, so they moved away.
  • After people had polluted the river, many fish died.
  • We wrote an email after we had visited the centre.

Before / after

Εξήγηση: Οι λέξεις before και after βοηθούν να δείξουμε τη σειρά των γεγονότων.

  • Before we left, we had collected the litter.
  • After the tourists had gone, the beach was quiet.
  • The guide spoke after we had watched the presentation.

Clauses of reason: because/as/since

Εξήγηση: Δίνουμε λόγο με because, as ή since.

  • Animals lose their homes because people destroy forests.
  • As the sea is polluted, turtles are in danger.
  • Since the beach is full of litter, we should clean it.

Because of + noun

Εξήγηση: Μετά το because of βάζουμε ουσιαστικό ή φράση, όχι ολόκληρη πρόταση.

  • Turtles are in danger because of tourism.
  • Many fish died because of polluted water.
  • The habitat changed because of new hotels.

Clauses of result: so

Εξήγηση: Το so δείχνει αποτέλεσμα.

  • The sea was polluted, so many fish died.
  • People cut down trees, so animals lost their homes.
  • We care about nature, so we recycle.

Therefore / as a result

Εξήγηση: Το therefore και το as a result κάνουν το αποτέλεσμα πιο επίσημο.

  • The habitat was destroyed. As a result, the animals moved away.
  • Plastic harms sea animals. Therefore, we should use less plastic.

Giving advice for the planet

Εξήγηση: Χρησιμοποιούμε should / must / can για συμβουλές και δράσεις.

  • We should recycle more.
  • People must not throw litter on beaches.
  • Children can help by planting trees.

Making deductions

Εξήγηση: Όταν βγάζουμε συμπέρασμα, χρησιμοποιούμε λέξεις όπως must, may, because.

  • The beach is full of footprints, so tourists must have been there.
  • The sea turtle may be in danger because its nest is near the road.

Writing an environmental email

Εξήγηση: Ένα email για περιβαλλοντικό πρόβλημα έχει πρόβλημα, λόγο, αποτέλεσμα και πρόταση λύσης.

  • Dear Sir/Madam,
  • The beach is polluted because people leave litter.
  • As a result, animals are in danger.
  • We should organise a clean-up day.

Practice

Let’s practise

Read carefully, complete the activities and check your answers.

A. Past Perfect form

  1. When we arrived, volunteers ______ the beach. (clean)
  2. The turtle ______ eggs before tourists came. (lay)
  3. I ______ an environmental centre before. (never visit)
  4. After people ______ the river, fish died. (pollute)
  5. The animals moved because they ______ their habitat. (lose)
  6. We wrote a poster after we ______ the guide. (listen to)
Show answers – Δες τις λύσεις
  1. had cleaned
  2. had laid
  3. had never visited
  4. had polluted
  5. had lost
  6. had listened to

B. Reason or result

  1. The sea was polluted, ______ many fish died.
  2. Turtles are in danger ______ tourists disturb their habitat.
  3. People cut down trees. ______, birds lose their nests.
  4. Many animals suffer ______ plastic pollution.
  5. ______ the river is dirty, fish cannot live there.
  6. We recycle, ______ we want to protect the planet.
Show answers – Δες τις λύσεις
  1. so
  2. because
  3. As a result / Therefore
  4. because of
  5. As / Since / Because
  6. because

C. Because of or because

  1. Animals lose habitats ______ tourism.
  2. Animals lose habitats ______ tourists build hotels.
  3. The beach was closed ______ litter.
  4. The beach was closed ______ people had left litter everywhere.
  5. The turtle could not nest ______ the noise.
  6. The turtle could not nest ______ the beach was noisy.
Show answers – Δες τις λύσεις
  1. because of
  2. because
  3. because of
  4. because
  5. because of
  6. because

D. Give advice

  1. People throw plastic bags into the sea.
  2. Tourists disturb turtle nests.
  3. Children waste water at school.
  4. Factories pollute rivers.
  5. People cut down trees.
  6. The beach is full of litter.
Show answers – Δες τις λύσεις
  1. People should use fewer plastic bags.
  2. Tourists must not disturb turtle nests.
  3. Children should save water.
  4. Factories must stop polluting rivers.
  5. People should plant more trees.
  6. We should organise a clean-up day.

E. Endangered species notes

  1. Animal: sea turtle. Habitat: Mediterranean Sea. Problem: tourism/litter. Action: protect beaches. Write 4 sentences.
  2. Use because once.
  3. Use so once.
  4. Use should once.
  5. Use Past Perfect once.
Show answers – Δες τις λύσεις
  1. The sea turtle lives in the Mediterranean Sea.
  2. It is endangered because tourists disturb its habitat.
  3. People leave litter on beaches, so turtles are in danger.
  4. We should protect beaches.
  5. The turtle had laid its eggs before the tourists arrived.

F. Environmental email

  1. Write 90–110 words about a polluted beach or endangered animal.
  2. Include the problem.
  3. Give two reasons.
  4. Explain two results.
  5. Suggest two actions.
  6. Use because, so and should.
Show answers – Δες τις λύσεις
  1. Include: greeting, problem, reasons, results, suggestions, closing.

Project

The Awful Five

Choose roles

Choose characters: pollution, plastic, smoke, dirty water, noise or nature helpers.

Create a scene

Use reason/result language: because, so, as a result.

Act it out

Improvise a short scene and end with three actions to save the planet.