Nouns

Grammar Focus

Nouns (Ουσιαστικά)

Nouns (Ουσιαστικά) are words that name people, animals, places, things and ideas. First we learn nouns in general, then singular/plural forms, and after that countable and uncountable nouns.

1. What are Nouns? (Τι είναι τα ουσιαστικά;)

Τα nouns είναι οι λέξεις που ονομάζουν ανθρώπους, ζώα, πράγματα, μέρη ή ιδέες. Με απλά λόγια: όταν λες ποιος, τι ή πού, χρησιμοποιείς ένα ουσιαστικό.

✨ Examples (Παραδείγματα)

Category	English	Greek
Person	teacher, doctor, Maria	δάσκαλος, γιατρός, Μαρία
Animal	dog, cat, elephant	σκύλος, γάτα, ελέφαντας
Place	school, park, London	σχολείο, πάρκο, Λονδίνο
Thing	book, chair, pencil	βιβλίο, καρέκλα, μολύβι
Idea / Feeling	love, happiness, peace	αγάπη, χαρά, ειρήνη

📚 Types of Nouns (Είδη Ουσιαστικών)

Common Nouns: γενικά πρόσωπα/πράγματα — boy, car, city.
Proper Nouns: συγκεκριμένα ονόματα — Maria, London, Tuesday.
Concrete Nouns: μπορούμε να τα δούμε/αγγίξουμε — apple, rain.
Abstract Nouns: ιδέες ή συναισθήματα — happiness, love.
Countable & Uncountable: apple / milk.
Singular & Plural: cat / cats.

🧠 Examples in Sentences

The dog is sleeping. → Το σκυλί κοιμάται.
I love music. → Μου αρέσει η μουσική.
My school is near the park. → Το σχολείο μου είναι κοντά στο πάρκο.
This chair is very old. → Αυτή η καρέκλα είναι πολύ παλιά.

🌟 Mini Quiz

Which are Proper Nouns? 👉 dog, Athens, school, Mary, teacher

2. Singular and Plural Nouns (Ενικός & Πληθυντικός)

Singular = ένα άτομο, ζώο ή πράγμα (a cat). Plural = περισσότερα από ένα (two cats).

🧮 Rules (Κανόνες)

Rule	Examples
1. Add -s	book → books, car → cars
2. -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -z → +es	bus → buses, box → boxes, brush → brushes
3. consonant + y → -ies	baby → babies, city → cities. If vowel + y: toy → toys.
4. -o → usually +es	tomato → tomatoes, but photo → photos.
5. -f / -fe → -ves	leaf → leaves, knife → knives. Exception: roof → roofs.
6. -us → -i	cactus → cacti, focus → foci
7. -is → -es	analysis → analyses
8. -on → -a	phenomenon → phenomena
9. -um → -a	datum → data, curriculum → curricula
10. Irregular / special plurals	man → men, woman → women, child → children, tooth → teeth, mouse → mice, person → people. Same form: sheep, deer, fish, series, species. Always plural: trousers, scissors, glasses, jeans, shorts.

🌟 Mini Quiz

Write the plural: leaf, potato, toy, woman, bus, fish.

3. Countable & Uncountable Nouns (Μετρήσιμα & Μη Μετρήσιμα)

🧮 Countable Nouns (Μετρήσιμα)

Μπορούν να μετρηθούν: one apple, two apples
Έχουν ενικό και πληθυντικό.
Στον ενικό παίρνουν a/an: a biscuit, an egg.
Μετριούνται με some, many, a few, a lot of.

Examples: I’ve got a lot of friends. • There aren’t many potatoes left.

How many…? How many children are there in your class?

☕ Uncountable Nouns (Μη Μετρήσιμα)

Δε μετριούνται κομμάτι-κομμάτι: water, milk, rice, sugar, money, time.
Έχουν συνήθως μόνο ενικό και δεν παίρνουν a/an.
Χρησιμοποιούν some, a lot of, little, a little.
Στην άρνηση/ερώτηση συχνά: any, much.

Examples: There is a lot of milk in the fridge. • We haven’t got much coffee.

How much…? How much time have we got?

📘 Comparison (Σύγκριση με μια ματιά)

Countable	Uncountable
many, a few, how many	much, a little, how much
There are some apples.	There is some milk.

💡 Measurable quantities for uncountable nouns

Για να «μετρήσουμε» μη μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά, χρησιμοποιούμε ποσότητες:

a glass of water
a bottle of milk
a piece of bread
a bowl of rice
a cup of tea

⚠️ Attention: We say some bread or a piece of bread, not a bread. We say How many apples? but How much milk?

✨ Few / A few – Little / A little

Expression	Meaning	Example
few	λίγα και όχι αρκετά	There are few biscuits left.
a few	μερικά / αρκετά	There are a few biscuits.
little	λίγο και όχι αρκετό	There is little water.
a little	λίγο / αρκετό	There is a little water.

📝 Practice

A. Write C for countable or U for uncountable.

apple, milk, rice, pencil, bread, chair, homework, banana

B. Choose the correct word.

How many / much books have you got?
There is some / a water in the bottle.
We haven’t got many / much rice.
There are a few / a little biscuits on the plate.

✅ Show answers

cat, table
Maria, pencil
football, park

Groups: doctor = person, school = place, dog = animal, chair = thing, love = idea, Greece = place, bird = animal, book = thing.

Proper nouns

Athens, Mary

Plurals

leaf → leaves, potato → potatoes, toy → toys, woman → women, bus → buses, fish → fish

Countable / Uncountable

apple C, milk U, rice U, pencil C, bread U, chair C, homework U, banana C

Choose

many
some
much
a few

Nouns

Ουσιαστικά

Nouns (Ουσιαστικά)

1. What are Nouns? (Τι είναι τα ουσιαστικά;)

✨ Examples (Παραδείγματα)

📚 Types of Nouns (Είδη Ουσιαστικών)

🧠 Examples in Sentences

🌟 Mini Quiz

2. Singular and Plural Nouns (Ενικός & Πληθυντικός)

🧮 Rules (Κανόνες)

🌟 Mini Quiz

3. Countable & Uncountable Nouns (Μετρήσιμα & Μη Μετρήσιμα)

🧮 Countable Nouns (Μετρήσιμα)

☕ Uncountable Nouns (Μη Μετρήσιμα)

📘 Comparison (Σύγκριση με μια ματιά)

💡 Measurable quantities for uncountable nouns

✨ Few / A few – Little / A little

📝 Practice

A. Write C for countable or U for uncountable.

B. Choose the correct word.

Nouns

Proper nouns

Plurals

Countable / Uncountable

Choose

Singular & Plural Nouns – English Grammar Lessons

PLURAL NOUNS 🦸‍♀️ Grammar and Spelling for Kids 📝

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